2.6.3.3 Historic Sites and Monuments
Annex to Recommendation VII-9
List of Historic Monuments Identified and Described by the Proposing Government or Governments
Note: the Consultative Meeting does not approve or disapprove the place names appearing in the texts of this List in the different languages.
1. Flag mast erected in December 1965 at the South Geographical Pole by the First Argentine Overland Polar Expedition.
2. Rock cairn and plaques at Syowa Station (Lat 69°00'S, Long 39°35'E) in memory of Shin Fukushima, a member of the 4th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition, who died in October 1960 while performing official duties. The cairn was erected on 11 January 1961, by his colleagues. Some of his ashes repose in the cairn.
3. Rock cairn and plaque on Proclamation Island, Enderby Land, erected in January 1930 by Sir Douglas Mawson (Lat 65°51'S, Long 53°41'E) The cairn and plaque commemorate the landing on Proclamation Island of Sir Douglas Mawson with a party from the British, Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition of 1929-31.
4. Station building to which a bust of V. I. Lenin is fixed, together with a plaque in memory of the conquest of the Pole of Inaccessibility by Soviet Antarctic explorers in 1958 (Lat 83°06'S, Long 54°58'E).
5. Rock cairn and plaque at Cape Bruce, Mac.Robertson Land, erected in February 1931 by Sir Douglas Mawson (Lat 67°25'S, Long 60°47'E). The cairn and plaque commemorate the landing on Cape Bruce of Sir Douglas Mawson with a party from the British, Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition.
6. Rock cairn at Walkabout Rocks, Vestfold Hills, Princess Elizabeth Land, erected in 1939 by Sir Hubert Wilkins (Lat 68°22'S, Long 78°33'E) The cairn houses a canister containing a record of his visit.
Visit Report (extract)
2. Date(s) of visit. 4 February 1989.
2a. Method of Transport. Helicopter.
2b. Composition (Names and Qualifications) of visiting party. Mr Rob Easther (Station Manager, Davis) and Dr Des Lugg, Voyage Leader, 1988/89 ANARE Voyage 6.
3. Information about the monument which is additional to or differs from the description given in the Annex to Recommendation VII-9 and any other published account. Mr Easther opened the sealed container and checked the condition of the contents which were: Walkabout book, a copy of the proclamation made by Sir Hubert Wilkins in 1939 and a visitors' log book. He and Dr Lugg made an entry into the log book of an official visit. Everything was in good condition. It was clear that the drift and snow had had no impact. The container is tucked into a little cranny in the rocks and is well protected.
4. Evidence of any recent change, particularly when such change might have been brought about by human activities. None reported.
5. Description of any markers, notices etc. None reported.
6. Description of any human activities in the vicinity of the monument. None reported.
7. Any other information considered relevant or useful in furthering the preservation of the monument. There is evidence that the Site is visited by expeditioners from Davis on recreational field trips but there was no evidence of detrimental effects as a result of these visits. On 10 November 1988 Mr Dick Smith flew to Walkabout Rocks in his Twin Otter aircraft, reporting that everything appeared to be in order.
7. Stone with inscribed plaque, erected at Mirny Observatory, Mabus Point, in memory of driver-mechanic Ivan Kharma who perished on fast ice in the performance of official duties in 1956 (Lat 66°33'S, Long 93°01'E).
8. Metal monument-sledge at Mirny Observatory, Mabus Point, with plaque in memory of driver-mechanic Anatoly Shcheglov who perished in the performance of official duties (Lat 66°33'S, Long 93°01'E).
9. Cemetery on Buromskiy Island, near Mirny Observatory, in which are buried Soviet, Czechoslovakian and GDR citizens, members of Soviet Antarctic Expeditions, who perished in the performance of official duties on 3 August, 1960 (Lat 66°32'S, Long 93°01'E).
10. Building (magnetic observatory) at Dobrowolsky Station, Bunger Hills, with plaque in memory of the opening of Oasis Station in 1956 (Lat 66°16'S, Long 100°45'E).
11. Heavy tractor at Vostok Station with plaque in memory of the opening of the Station in 1957 (Lat 78°28'S, Long 106°48'E).
12. Cross and plaque at Cape Denison, George V Land, erected in 1913 by Sir Douglas Mawson on a hill situated 300 metres west by south from the main hut of the Australasian Antarctic Expedition of 1911-14 (Lat 67°00'S, Long 142°42'E). The cross and plaque commemorate Lieutenant B. E. S. Ninnis and Dr. X. Mertz, members of the expedition, who died in 1913 while engaged in the work of the expedition.
13. Hut at Cape Denison, George V Land, built in January 1912 by Sir Douglas Mawson for the Australasian Antarctic Expedition of 1911-14 (Lat 67°00'S, Long 142°42'E). This was the main base of the expedition.
14. Remains of rock shelter at Inexpressible Island, Terra Nova Bay, constructed in March 1912 by Victor Campbell's Northern Party, British Antarctic Expedition, 1910-13 (Lat 74°54'S, Long 163°43'E) The party spent the winter of 1912 in this shelter and a nearby ice cave.
15. Hut at Cape Royds, Ross Island, built in February 1908 by Ernest Shackleton (Lat 77°38'S, Long 166°07'E) Restored in January 1961 by Antarctic Division of New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research.
Visit Report
Historic Monument No. 15, Shackleton's Hut at Cape Royds, was visited by the US Inspection Team on February 10, 1989. The hut was reached by helicopter from the US Coast Guard Ice Breaker. The helicopter landing site was marked with red painted rocks and was well clear of the historic site.
The hut was well marked with signs explaining its historical significance in the four Treaty languages. The hut was in good repair and showed no signs of inappropriate activity. The interior of the hut was in excellent condition and reflected the work of the New Zealand curatorial staff which had been present during the season. No evidence of tampering, removal, or vandalism was observed.
A New Zealand research support hut is located approximately 100 yards from the hut on a rise overlooking the Cape Royds SSSI.
The position of the site was confirmed to be as reported.
16. Hut at Cape Evans, Ross Island, built in January 1911 by Captain Robert Falcon Scott (Lat 77°38'S, Long 166°24'E) Restored in January 1961 by Ant arctic Division of New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research.
Visit report
Historic Monument No. 16, Scott's Hut at Cape Evans, Ross Island was visited by three members of the [US] Inspection Team on February 10, 1989. The site was reached by helicopter from the US Coast Guard Ice Breaker. Since the team did not take the key to the hut (available from Scott Base) only the hut's exterior was inspected.
The hut was well marked with signs giving its history. It appeared to be in good condition. Snow covered most of the ground. The Greenpeace organization has established a station within approximately 200 meters of the monument, but outside of the marked historic area. There were no apparent negative signs of this or other recent human activity. The Greenpeace resupply vessel, Gondwana, could be seen anchored offshore with helicopters on deck.
No wildlife were observed at the site.
The position of the site was confirmed to be as reported.
17. Cross on Wind Vane Hill, Cape Evans, Ross Island, erected by the Ross Sea Party of Ernest Shackleton's Trans-Antarctic Expedition, 1914-16, in memory of three members of the party who died in the vicinity in 1916 (Lat 77°38'S, Long 166°24'E).
18. Hut at Hut Point, Ross Island, built in February 1902 by Captain Robert Falcon Scott (Lat 77°51'S, Long 166°37'E). Partially restored in January 1964 by the New Zealand Antarctic Society, with assistance from the United States Government.
19. Cross at Hut Point, Ross Island, erected in February 1904 by the British Antarctic Expedition, 1901-04, in memory of T. Vince, a member of that expedition who died in the vicinity. (Lat 77°51'S, Long 166°37'E.)
20. Cross on Observation Hill, Ross Island, erected in January 1913 by the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910-13, in memory of Captain Robert Falcon Scott's party which perished on the return journey from the South Pole, March 1912 (Lat 77°51'S, Long 166°40'E).
Visit Report
Historic Monument No. 20, the Cross on Observation Hill, was visited by two members of the [US] Inspection Team on February 9, 1989. The site was approached on foot from the base of the hill at McMurdo Station.
There was considerable evidence of recent human activity, including discarded cigarette remains and bamboo scattered on the approach to the summit. At the Cross itself, there were several bamboo poles with plastic flags attached, as well as discarded film wrappers and additional cigarette remains. These were removed from the site by the inspectors and reported to McMurdo Station.
The monument was marked by a set of signs in three of the four Treaty languages explaining its significance. The English version had ben removed from the site. Human activity in the vicinity of the monument is primarily from McMurdo and Scott Bases. These activities will probably continue, since climbing Observation Hill is a frequent recreation activity at both facilities.
The position of this site was confirmed to be as noted.
21. Stone hut at Cape Crozier, Ross Island, constructed in July 1911 by Edward Wilson's party (British Antarctic Expedition, 1910-13) during the winter journey to collect Emperor penguin eggs (Lat 77°32'S, Long 169°18'E).
22. Hut at Cape Adare built in February 1899 during Southern Cross Expedition led by C. E. Borchgrevink (Lat 71°17'S, Long 170°15'E). There are three huts at Cape Adare; two date from Borchgrevink's expedition, and one from Scott's Northern Party, 1910-11. Only the southernmost Borchgrevink hut survives in a reasonable state of repair.
23. Grave at Cape Adare of Norwegian biologist, Nicolai Hanson, a member of C. E. Borchgrevink's 'Southern Cross' Expedition, 1899-1900 (Lat 71°17'S, Long 170°15'E). This is the first known grave in the Antarctic.
24. Rock cairn, known as 'Amundsen's Cairn', on Mount Betty, Queen Maud Range (Lat 85°11'S, Long 163°45'W) erected by Roald Amundsen on 6 January, 1912, on his way back to 'Framheim' from the South Pole.
25. Hut and plaque on Peter I Øy, built by the Norwegian Captain Nils Larsen in February 1929 at Framnaesodden (Lat 68°47'S, Long 90°42'W). The plaque is inscribed 'Norvegia-ekspedisjonen 2/2 1929'.
26. Abandoned installations of Argentine Station 'General San Martin' on Barry Island, Debenham Islands, Marguerite Bay, with cross, flag mast, and monolith built in 1951 (Lat 68°08'S, Long 67°08'W)
27. Cairn with plaque on Megalestris Hill, Petermann Island, erected in 1909 by the second French expedition led by J.-B. Charcot (Lat 65°10'S, Long 64°10'W). Restored by the British Antarctic Survey in 1958.
28. Rock cairn at Port Charcot, Booth Island, with wooden pillar and plaque inscribed with the names of the first French expedition led by J.-B. Charcot which wintered here in 1904 aboard Le Français (Lat 65°03'S, Long 64°01'W).
29. Lighthouse named 'Primero de Mayo' erected on Lambda Island, Melchior Islands, by Argentina in 1942 (Lat 64°18'S, Long 62°59'W) This was the first Argentine lighthouse in the Antarctic.
30. Shelter at Paradise Harbour erected in 1950 near the Chilean Base 'Gabriel Gonzales Videla' to honour Gabriel Gonzales Videla, the first Head of State to visit the Antarctic (Lat 64°49'S, Long 62°51'W).
31. Memorial plaque marking the position of a cemetery on Deception Island (Lat 62°59'S, Long 60°34'W) where some 40 Norwegian whalers were buried in the first half of the twentieth century. The cemetery was swept away by a volcanic eruption in February 1969.
32. Concrete monolith erected in 1947, near Arturo Prat Base on Greenwich Island. Point of reference for Chilean Antarctic hydrographic work (Lat 62°29'S, Long 59°40'W).
33. Shelter and cross with plaque near Arturo Prat Base, Greenwich Island (Lat 62°30'S, Long 59°41'W). Named in memory of Lieutenant-Commander Gonzalez Pacheco, who died tragically while in charge of the station in 1960.
34. Bust of the Chilean naval hero Arturo Prat erected in 1947 at the base of the same name on Greenwich Island (Lat 62°30'S, Long 59°41'W).
35. Wooden cross and statue of the Virgin of Carmen erected in 1947 near Arturo Prat Base on Greenwich Island (Lat 62°30'S, Long 59°41'W) There is also nearby a metal plaque of Lions International Club.
36. Metal plaque at Potter Cove, King George Island, erected by Eduard Dallmann to commemorate the visit of his German expedition on 1 March, 1874. (Lat 62°13'S, Long 58°42'W).
37. Statue of Bernard O'Higgins, erected in 1948 in front of the station of the same name (Lat 63°19'S, Long 57°54'W). To honour the first ruler of Chile to envisage the importance of Antarctica.
38. Hut on Snow Hill Island built in February 1902 by the main party of the Swedish South Polar Expedition, led by Otto Nordenskjold (Lat 64°24'S, Long 57°00'W).
Visit report
Since 1979 Argentina has been undertaking restoration and preservation work on the hut built on 'Isla Cerro Nevada' in February 1902 by the main group of the Swedish Expedition to the South Pole, led by Otto Nordenskjold (latitude 64°24'S, longitude 57°W), Historic Monument No. 38 of the list in annex to Recommendation VIII-9.
This monument has special significance for the Republic of Argentina and is closely related with the beginning of its permanent activity in Antarctica. In this respect it is to be recalled that the Argentinian Sub-Lieutenant, Jose Laria Sobral was one of the members of the group which remained in this location from February 1902 until they were rescued by the Argentinian boat Corbeta Uruguay on 8 November 1904.
The Republic of Argentina's activities plan includes the MUSEOANTAR Program, the objective of which is to restore, preserve and maintain historical Antarctic monuments and to recover, restore and preserve utensils and other items abandoned by Antarctic expeditions.
During the 1985/86 campaign, as part of the above mentioned Program, a large part of the restoration work on Historic Monument No, 38 was completed.
On this occasion, the outside coverings and paintwork of the hut were restored; steel cables with stiffeners were installed in order to secure the construction to the ground; the inside was cleaned and restoration work was carried out on the salamander, kitchen and mainly the cabin where Nordenskjold and Sobral slept, situated in the east-northeast corner. Items such as bedsteads, chests, nails and cartridges, inter alia, were also recovered, some of which were sent to Buenos Aires for restoration.
The complex report drafted by the Museoantar Program experts who participated in the works mentioned in 1985/86 is attached as Annex 1, as well as the photographs taken during the course of the works undertaken.
It is worth mentioning that the preservation methodology used both as regards this Historic Monument and concerning the restoration and maintenance of other sites, is based on the principle of not altering the original models on account of their historic interest and it also aims at avoiding the intense wear suffered by materials in Antarctic climatic conditions, especially due to the erosive action of wind and the mechanical action of ice.
During the 1988/89 Antarctic campaign, as part of the Museoantar Activities Program, an expert of the Argentinian Antarctic Institute, Dr Ricardo Capdevilla, went to 'Isla Cerro Nevada' in order to check the state of upkeep and preservation of the historic hut. He observed that the monument is in a good state, and that there are no deteriorations either in the building or in the goods and chattels therein.
39. Stone hut at Hope Bay built in January 1903 by a party of the Swedish South Polar Expedition (Lat 63°24'S, Long 56°59'W).
40. Bust of General San Martin, grotto with a statue of the Virgin of Lujan, and a flag mast at Base 'Esperanza', Hope Bay, erected by Argentina in 1955; together with a graveyard with stele in memory of members of Argentine expeditions who died in the area (Lat 63°24'S, Long 56°59'W).
41. Stone hut on Paulet Island built in February 1903 by C. A. Larsen, Norwegian captain of the wrecked vessel 'Antarctic' of the Swedish South Polar Expedition led by Otto Nordenskjold, together with the grave of a member of that expedition (Lat 63°35'S, Long 55°47'W).
Visit report
During the 1988/1989 campaign, a group of Argentinian experts from the National Directorate for the Antarctic made a visit to Historic Monument No. 41: a stone hut on Paulet Island, built in February 1903 by C.A. Larsen, the Norwegian Captain of the shipwrecked boat 'Antarctic' of the Swedish Expedition to the South Pole led by Otto Nordenskjold, along with the tomb of a member of the expedition (latitude 63°35' South, longitude 55°47' West).
The visit formed part of the MUSEOANTAR Program of the Republic of Argentina's 1988/1989 Activities Plan the objective of which is to restore, preserve and maintain historic Antarctic monuments and recover and restore elements abandoned by Antarctic expeditions.
The Historic Monument included under Number 41 of the List in annex to Recommendation VIII-9 bears witness to the place where Captain Carl Anton Larsen and 20 members of his crew sought refuge following the shipwreck of their boat 'Antarctic', before being rescued by the Argentinian boat 'Corbeta Uruguay', in November 1904.
An account is now given of the report drafted by the Program participants:
On 11 January 1989, transported by helicopter from the Argentinian base Marambio, the group of investigators landed in the area and following identification of the place, a tomb and cross were located which according to the existing information, were erected for the sailor Winnesgard, the sole member of the expedition who died here.
This funeral monument is approximately 0.80 cm high and is crowned by a cross, in a good state of preservation, with the main shaft leaning 20 degrees and the cross also slightly twisted.
The helicopter pilot informed the group that on the other side of the cliff, remains of a stone construction could be seen. The group headed for this place and it was observed that it was a question of the ruins of the hut which had housed the 'Antarctic' shipwrecked sailors.
The remains of the construction, the orientation of which is from south to north, perfectly delineate the housing bedroom or living room. Inside the building there are many museum pieces such as oar handles, shelves of various measurements and other personal elements which are to be recovered for restoration in the next Antarctic campaign. For methodological reasons, no items were collected outside the building, only a few items from inside being taken away.
Access to the hut is in the southernmost part, with an entrance towards the east. The hall measures approximately 2 by 4 metres, with the entrance alongside the main room. The door frame is in a fair state, but the door is placed and supports the flat stones which originally must have been the roof support. The passage from the living room to the bedroom is also in a fair state.
Photographs of the building were taken from various angles and certain items were collected (remains of pots and frying pans) for restoration.
The group of experts concluded that it is feasible to undertake a restoration and maintenance project in this place. This will be considered as part of the next Antarctic campaign activities project.
42. Area at Scotia Bay, Laurie Island, South Orkney Island, in which are found: stone hut built in 1903 by the Scottish Expedition led by W. S. Bruce; the Argentine Meteorological and magnetic Observatory, built in 1905; and a graveyard with seven tombs (dating from 1903) (Lat 60°46'S, Long 44°40'W).
43. Cross erected in 1955, at a distance of 1,300 metres north-east of the Argentine Base 'General Belgrano' at Piedrabuena Bay, Filchner Ice Shelf (Lat 77°49'S, Long 38°02'W).
44. Plaque erected at the temporary Indian station 'Dakshin Gangotri', Princess Astrid Kyst, Dronning Maud Land, listing the names of the members of the First Indian Antarctic Expedition which landed nearby on 9 January 1982 (Lat 70°45'S, Long 11°38'E).
45. Plaque on Brabant Island, on Metchnikoff Point, Lat 64°02'S, Long 62°34'W, mounted at a height of 70 m on the crest of the moraine separating this point from the glacier and bearing the following inscription: 'This monument was built by François de Gerlache and other members of the Joint Services Expedition 1983-85 to commemorate the first landing on Brabant Island by the Belgian Antarctic expedition 1897-99: Adrien de Gerlache (Belgium) leader, Roald Amundsen (Norway), Henryk Arctowski (Poland), Frederick Cook (USA), Emile Danco (Belgium) camped nearby from 30 January to 6 February 1898'.
46. All the buildings and installations of Port Martin base, Terre Adélie (Lat 66°49'S, Long 141°24'E) constructed in 1950 by the 3rd French expedition in Terre Adélie and partly destroyed by fire during the night of 23 to 24 January 1952.
47. Wooden building called 'Base Marret' on the Ile des Pétrels, Terre Adélie (Lat 66°40'S, Long 140°01E) where seven men under the command of Mario Marret overwintered in 1952 following the fire at Port Martin base.
48. Cross erected on the North-East headland of the Ile des Pétrels, Terre Adélie (Lat 66340(S, Long 140°01'E) in memory of André Prudhomme, head meteorologist in the 3rd International Geophysical Year expedition who disappeared during a storm on 7 January 1959.
49. The concrete pillar erected by the First Polish Antarctic Expedition at Dobrolowski station on the Bunger Hill to measure acceleration due to gravity g = 982,439.4 mgal ~ 0.4 mgal in relation to Warsaw, according to the Potsdam system, in January 1959 (Lat 66°16.3'S, Long 100°45'E, h= 35.4m).
50. A commemorative plaque bearing the Polish eagle, the national emblem of Poland, the dates 1975 and 1976, and the following text in Polish, English and Russian: 'In memory of Professors Siedlecki and Tazar, crew members of the vessels in the first Polish Antarctic maritime research expedition, who landed here in February 1976'. This plaque is mounted on a sea cliff on the Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Maxwell Bay, south-west of the Chilean and Soviet stations.
51. The grave of Wlodzimierz Puchalski, surmounted by an iron cross, on a hill to the South of Arctowski station on King George Island. W. Puchalski was an artist, a producer of documentary nature films, who died on 19 January 1979 whilst working at the station.
52. Monolith erected to commemorate the establishment on 20 February 1985 by the People's Republic of China of the 'Great Wall Station' (Lat 62°13'S, Long 58°58'W) on Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, in the South Shetland Islands. Engraved on the monolith is the following inscription in Chinese: 'Great Wall Station, First Chinese Antarctic Research Expedition, 20 February 1985'.
53 Monoliths and Commemorative Plaques celebrating the rescue of survivors of the British ship 'Endurance' by the Chilean Navy cutter 'Yelcho' displaying the following words:
'Here, on August 30th., 1916, the Chilean Navy cutter 'Yelcho' commanded by Pilot Luis Pardo Villalon rescued the 22 men from the Shackleton Expedition who survived the wreck of the 'Endurance' living for four and one half months in this Island!'
The Monolith and the plaques have been placed on Elephant Island (61° 03' Lat.S., 54° 50' Long.W.) and their replicas on the Chilean bases 'Arturo Prat' (62° 30' Lat.S., 59° 49' Long.W.) and 'Rodolfo Marsh' (62° 12' Lat.S., 62° 12' Long.W.) Bronze busts of the pilot Luis Pardo Villalon were placed on the three above-mentioned monoliths during the XXIVth Chilean Antarctic Scientific Expedition in 1987-88.
54. Richard E. Byrd Historic Monument, McMurdo Station, Antarctica (77°51'S, 166°40'E). Bronze bust on black marble, 5ft high x 2ft square, on wood platform, bearing inscriptions describing the polar achievements of Richard Evelyn Byrd. Erected at McMurdo Station (77°51'S, 166°40'E) in 1965.
55. East Base, Antarctica, Stonington Island (68°11'S, 67°00'W). Buildings and artefacts at East Base, Stonington Island and their immediate environs. These structures were erected and used during two U.S. wintering expeditions: the Antarctic Service Expedition (1940-41) and the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition (1947-48)). The size of the historic area is approximately 1000 metres in the north-south direction (from the beach to Northeast Glacier adjacent to Back Bay) and approximately 500 metres in the east-west direction.
56. Waterboat Point, Danco Coast, Antarctic Peninsula (64°49'S, 62°52'W). The remains and immediate environs of the Waterboat Point hut, situated close to the unoccupied Chilean station, 'President Gabriel González Videla'. The Waterboat Point hut, of which only the base of the boat, roots of door posts and an outline of the hut and extension still exist, was occupied by the UK two-man expedition of Bagshawe and Lester in 1921-22. This was, and indeed remains, the smallest expedition to ever overwinter in Antarctica.
57. Commemorative plaque at Yankee Bay, MacFarlane Strait, Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands, near the Chilean refuge located at latitude 62°32'S, and longitude 59°45'W, to the Memory of Captain Robert MacFarlane, who in 1820 explored the Antarctic Peninsula area in the brigantine Dragón.
58. Cairn with memorial plaque erected at Whalers' Bay, Deception Island, South Shetland Islands, in the vicinity of the whalers' cemetery [Historic Monument No. 31] 62°59'S, 60°34'W, to honour Captain Adolfus Amandus Andresen, Antarctic pioneer who was first to establish a whaling operation at Deception Island in 1906.
59. A cairn on Half Moon beach, Cape Shirreff, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, commemorating the officers, soldiers and seamen on board the San Telmo, which sank in September 1819; possibly the first people to live and die in the Antarctic wastes.
60. Wooden plaque and rock cairn located at Penguins Bay, southern coast of Seymour Island (Marambio), James Ross Archipelago (64°16'00"S, 56°39'10"W). This plaque was placed on 10 November 1903 by the crew of a rescue mission of the Argentinian Corvette 'Uruguay' in the site where they met members of the Swedish expedition led by Dr Otto Nordenskjöld. The text of the wooden plaque reads as follows:
10.XI.1903 'Uruguay' (Argentine Navy) in its journey to give assistance to the Swedish Antarctic expedition.
In January 1990, a rock cairn was erected by Argentina in memory of this event in the place where the plaque is located.
2.6.4 Seal Reserves and Sealing Zones
The following is an extract from the Annex to the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals. The full text of the Convention is reproduced in Section 4.1.3.
4. Sealing Zones.
Each of the sealing zones listed in this paragraph shall be closed in numerical sequence to all sealing operations for the seal species listed in paragraph 1 of this Annex for the period 1 September to the last day of February inclusive. Such closures shall begin with the same zone as is closed under paragraph 2 of Annex B to Annex 1 of the Report of the Fifth Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting at the moment the Convention enters into force. Upon the expiration of each closed period, the affected zone shall reopen:
Zone 1 - between 60° and 120° West Longitude
Zone 2 - between 0° and 60° West Longitude, together with that part of the Weddell Sea lying westward of 60°West Longitude
Zone 3 - between 0° and 70° East Longitude
Zone 4 - between 70° and 130° East Longitude
Zone 5 - between 130°East Longitude and 170° West Longitude
Zone 6 - between 120° and 170° West Longitude.
5. Seal Reserves
It is forbidden to kill or capture seals in the following reserves, which are seal breeding areas or the site of long-term scientific research:
a. The area around the South Orkney Islands between 60°20' and 60°56' South Latitude and 44°05' and 46°25' West Longitude.
b. The area of the southwestern Ross Sea south of 76° South Latitude and west of 170° East Longitude.
c. The area of Edisto Inlet south and west of a line drawn between Cape Hallett at 72°19' South Latitude, 170°18' East Longitude, and Helm Point, at 72°11'South Latitude, 170°00'East Longitude.'